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<title>Cyropolis</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyropolis</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the ancient town of Media Atropatene, see <a href="Cyropolis_(Media_Atropatene)" title="Cyropolis (Media Atropatene)">Cyropolis (Media Atropatene)</a>.</div>

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</style><div class="locmap noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px"><div style="position:relative;width:300px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.748%;left:30.119%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" title="N" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Khujand"></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="Khujand" title="Khujand">Khujand</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.167%;left:8.836%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" title="N" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Jizak"></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="Jizak" class="mw-redirect" title="Jizak">Jizak</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:28.35%;left:22.695%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" title="N" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Istaravshan"></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="Istaravshan" title="Istaravshan">Istaravshan</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.81%;left:25.595%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" title="N" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kurkath"></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="Kurush%2C_Tajikistan" title="Kurush, Tajikistan">Kurkath</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption">Map of Tajikistan with possible locations of Cyropolis pinpointed.<sup id="cite_ref-LVC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LVC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CB_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EI_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div>

<p><b>Cyreschata</b> (<a href="Old_Persian" title="Old Persian">Old Persian</a>: <span title="Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.)-language romanization"><i lang="peo-Latn">Kuruškaθa</i></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> better known by its <a href="Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> name <b>Cyropolis</b> (<a href="Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Κυρούπολις</span> or <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Κύρου πόλις</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Kyroúpolis</i></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both meaning "City of Cyrus", was an ancient city founded by <a href="Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a> to mark the northeastern border of his <a href="Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2></div>

<p>The actual location of this ancient city is currently undetermined. It is speculated that <a href="Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> may have established his own guard-town of <a href="Alexandria_Eschate" title="Alexandria Eschate">Alexandria Eschate</a> on the same location, simply renaming the Achaemenid city of Cyropolis.<sup id="cite_ref-LVC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LVC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Potential sites include the medieval and modern city of <a href="Khujand" title="Khujand">Khujand</a> in northern <a href="Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>; <a href="Jizak" class="mw-redirect" title="Jizak">Jizak</a> on the <a href="Jaxartes_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaxartes river">Jaxartes river</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-LVC_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LVC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ura-Tyube, the modern day city of <a href="Istaravshan" title="Istaravshan">Istaravshan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CB_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Although some scholars have associated Cyropolis with the site of Istaravshan, modern day <a href="Kurush%2C_Tajikistan" title="Kurush, Tajikistan">Kurkath</a> near the Syr Darya presently seems the most convincing potential site due in part to the fact that its location conforms closer to ancient reports. To date, however, there hasn't been archeological evidence which would settle the question. Although Mug Tepe, the citadel of Ura-Tyube at Istaravshan, contains strata that has been dated to the 4th century BC, the ancient site of Shirin at Kurkath hasn't been thoroughly investigated to date even though the well-known burial vaults at Shirin belong to a later period.<sup id="cite_ref-EI_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>Cyropolis and the region around it was used as a sort of holding region for Greek populations that rebelled against Persia, being resettled there from their homelands around the coastline of what is now Turkey, a region largely settled by Greeks in the thousand years before its conquest by Persia under Xerxes and his successors. By the time of conflict with <a href="Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, it had a large Greek population and culture.

</p><p>Cyropolis was the largest of seven towns in the region that <a href="Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> targeted for conquest in 329 B.C. His goal was the conquest of <a href="Sogdiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sogdiana">Sogdiana</a>. Alexander first sent <a href="Craterus" title="Craterus">Craterus</a> to Cyropolis, the largest of the towns holding Sogdiana against Alexander's forces. Craterus' instructions were to "take up a position close to the town, surround it with a ditch and stockade, and then assemble such siege engines as might suit his purpose...." The idea was to keep the inhabitants focused on their own defenses and to prevent them from sending assistance out to the other towns. Starting from <a href="Gazza%2C_Tajikistan" title="Gazza, Tajikistan">Gazza</a>, Alexander went on to conquer the other surrounding towns. Five of the seven towns were taken in two days. Many of the inhabitants were killed. Alexander then arrived at Cyropolis, which was the best fortified of the towns and had the largest population. It also had reputedly the best fighters of the region.

</p><p>Alexander battered Cyropolis' defenses with the siege engines. While the bombardment went on, Alexander ordered certain of his troops to sneak through a dried-up water course that went under the town's wall. Alexander also joined on this mission and once inside his troops opened the town's gate to admit his attacking force. Once the natives saw that the town was taken, they fell violently upon the attackers. Alexander received a violent blow from a stone that landed upon his head and neck. Craterus was wounded by an arrow. But the defenders were driven off. <a href="Arrian" title="Arrian">Arrian</a> puts the defender's force at about 15,000 fighting men and claims that 8,000 of them were killed in the first phase of the operation. The rest apparently sought refuge inside the town's central fortress, but surrendered after one day for lack of water.<sup id="cite_ref-Arrian_1971_https://archive.org/details/campaignsofalexa00arri/page/204_204_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arrian_1971_https://archive.org/details/campaignsofalexa00arri/page/204_204-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Accounts of how the battle went down differ among authors. Arrian cites <a href="Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> as saying Cyropolis surrendered from the start, and Arrian also states that according to <a href="Aristobulus_of_Cassandreia" title="Aristobulus of Cassandreia">Aristobulus</a> the place was stormed and everyone was massacred.<sup id="cite_ref-Arrian_1971_https://archive.org/details/campaignsofalexa00arri/page/204_204_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arrian_1971_https://archive.org/details/campaignsofalexa00arri/page/204_204-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFCummings2004" class="citation book cs1">Cummings, Lewis Vance (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alexandergreat0000cumm"><i>Alexander the Great</i></a></span>. Grove Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alexandergreat0000cumm/page/286">286</a>-288. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780802141491</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-CB-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CB_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CB_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBaumer2012" class="citation book cs1">Baumer, Christoph (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yglkwD7pKV8C&pg=PA279"><i>The History of Central Asia: The Age of the Steppe Warriors</i></a>. I.B. Tauris. p. 279. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781780760605</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-EI-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EI_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/cyropolis-latin-form-of-gr">"Cyropolis"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Iranica</i>. Vol. VI, Fasc. 5. Encyclopedia Iranica Foundation, Inc. 2011. pp. <span class="nowrap">514–</span>515<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLendering2006" class="citation web cs1"><a href="Jona_Lendering" title="Jona Lendering">Lendering, Jona</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/articles/place/alexandria-eschate">"Alexandria Eschate"</a>. <i>Livius.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFP’yankov1994" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw external" title="ru:Пьянков, Игорь Васильевич">P’yankov, Igor V.</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Russian]</span> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cyropolis-latin-form-of-gr">"CYROPOLIS"</a>. <i><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-12</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0590%3Abook%3D16%3Achapter%3D3">Aelian, Characteristics of Animals, § 16.3</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Arrian_1971_https://archive.org/details/campaignsofalexa00arri/page/204_204-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arrian_1971_https://archive.org/details/campaignsofalexa00arri/page/204_204_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arrian_1971_https://archive.org/details/campaignsofalexa00arri/page/204_204_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFArrian1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Arrian" title="Arrian">Arrian</a> (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/campaignsofalexa00arri/page/204"><i>The Campaigns of Alexander</i></a>. London: Penguin Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/campaignsofalexa00arri/page/204">204</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-14-044253-7</bdi>.</cite></span>

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</style><div id="Cyrus_the_Great141" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#B6AD9D"><div><a href="Teispids" title="Teispids">Teispids</a>, <a href="Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B6AD9D;width:1%"><a href="Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cambyses_I" title="Cambyses I">Cambyses I</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandane_of_Media" title="Mandane of Media">Mandane of Media</a></li>

<li><a href="Cassandane" title="Cassandane">Cassandane</a></li>

<li><a href="Amytis_of_Media" title="Amytis of Media">Amytis</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a></li>

<li><a href="Bardiya" title="Bardiya">Bardiya</a></li>

<li><a href="Atossa" title="Atossa">Atossa</a></li>

<li><a href="Artystone" title="Artystone">Artystone</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B6AD9D;width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Persian_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Revolt">Persian Revolt</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Hyrba" title="Battle of Hyrba">Hyrba</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_the_Persian_Border" title="Battle of the Persian Border">Persian Border</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Pasargadae" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Pasargadae">Pasargadae</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Pteria" title="Battle of Pteria">Pteria</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Thymbra" title="Battle of Thymbra">Thymbra</a></li>

<li><a href="Siege_of_Sardis_(547_BC)" title="Siege of Sardis (547 BC)">Sardis</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#B6AD9D;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cyrus" title="Cyrus">"Cyrus" (name)</a></li>

<li><a href="Pasargadae" title="Pasargadae">Pasargadae</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyrus_Cylinder" title="Cyrus Cylinder">Cyrus Cylinder</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Cyropaedia" title="Cyropaedia">Cyropaedia</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Cyrus_the_Great_in_the_Bible" title="Cyrus the Great in the Bible">Cyrus in the Bible</a>

<ul><li><a href="Edict_of_Cyrus" title="Edict of Cyrus">Edict of Cyrus</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cyrus_the_Great_in_the_Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus the Great in the Quran">Cyrus in the Quran</a>

<ul><li><a href="Dhul-Qarnayn" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhul-Qarnayn">Dhul-Qarnayn</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kay_Bahman" title="Kay Bahman">Kay Bahman</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyrus_the_Great_Day" title="Cyrus the Great Day">Cyrus the Great Day</a></li>

<li><a href="Masoud_Jafari_Jozani" title="Masoud Jafari Jozani"><i>Cyrus the Great</i> (screenplay)</a></li>

<li><a href="Ciro_riconosciuto" title="Ciro riconosciuto">Ciro riconosciuto</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#B6AD9D"><div>

<ul><li>Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_Central_Asia62" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History_of_Central_Asia62" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="History_of_Central_Asia" title="History of Central Asia">History of Central Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Polities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mal'ta%E2%80%93Buret'_culture" title="Mal'ta–Buret' culture">Mal'ta–Buret' culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Yamnaya_culture" title="Yamnaya culture">Yamnaya culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Afanasievo_culture" title="Afanasievo culture">Afanasievo culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Sintashta_culture" title="Sintashta culture">Sintashta culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Vakhsh_culture" title="Vakhsh culture">Vakhsh culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Bactria%E2%80%93Margiana_Archaeological_Complex" title="Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex">Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex</a></li>

<li><a href="Andronovo_culture" title="Andronovo culture">Andronovo culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Tagar_culture" title="Tagar culture">Tagar culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Uyuk_culture" title="Uyuk culture">Uyuk culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Pazyryk_culture" title="Pazyryk culture">Pazyryk culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Massagetae" title="Massagetae">Massagetae</a></li>

<li><a href="Medes" title="Medes">Median Empire</a></li>

<li><a href="Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></li>

<li><a href="Macedonian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Empire">Macedonian Empire</a></li>

<li><a href="Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li>

<li><a href="Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="Guiyi_Circuit" title="Guiyi Circuit">Guiyi Circuit</a></li>

<li><a href="Yuezhi" title="Yuezhi">Yuezhi</a></li>

<li><a href="Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a></li>

<li><a href="Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a></li>

<li><a href="Kushano-Sasanian_Kingdom" title="Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom">Kushano-Sasanians</a></li>

<li><a href="Kidarites" title="Kidarites">Kidarites</a></li>

<li><a href="Alchon_Huns" title="Alchon Huns">Alchon Huns</a></li>

<li><a href="Hephthalites" title="Hephthalites">Hephthalites</a></li>

<li><a href="Tocharians" title="Tocharians">Tocharians</a></li>

<li><a href="Principality_of_Ushrusana" title="Principality of Ushrusana">Ustrushana</a></li>

<li><a href="Principality_of_Khuttal" title="Principality of Khuttal">Khuttal</a></li>

<li><a href="Ferghana_Kingdom" title="Ferghana Kingdom">Ferghana</a></li>

<li><a href="First_Turkic_Khaganate" title="First Turkic Khaganate">First Turkic Khaganate</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western Turks</a></li>

<li><a href="Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (<a href="Protectorate_General_to_Pacify_the_West" title="Protectorate General to Pacify the West">Anxi Protectorate</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Ikhshids_of_Sogdia" title="Ikhshids of Sogdia">Ikhshids of Sogdia</a></li>

<li><a href="Tokhara_Yabghus" title="Tokhara Yabghus">Tokhara Yabghus</a></li>

<li><a href="Turk_Shahis" title="Turk Shahis">Turk Shahis</a></li>

<li><a href="Oghuz_Yabgu_State" title="Oghuz Yabgu State">Oghuz Yabgus</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Second Turkic Khaganate">Second Turkic Khaganate</a></li>

<li><a href="Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Khaganate</a></li>

<li><a href="Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a></li>

<li><a href="Tahirid_dynasty" title="Tahirid dynasty">Tahirid dynasty</a></li>

<li><a href="Saffarid_dynasty" title="Saffarid dynasty">Saffarid dynasty</a></li>

<li><a href="Samanids" class="mw-redirect" title="Samanids">Samanids</a></li>

<li><a href="Ma'munids" title="Ma'munids">Ma'munids</a></li>

<li><a href="Farighunids" title="Farighunids">Farighunids</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavids</a></li>

<li><a href="Great_Seljuq_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Seljuq Empire">Great Seljuq Empire</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghurid Empire</a></li>

<li><a href="Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Khwarazmian Empire">Khwarazmian Empire</a></li>

<li><a href="Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a></li>

<li><a href="Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a></li>

<li><a href="Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></li>

<li><a href="Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a></li>

<li><a href="Sufi_dynasty" title="Sufi dynasty">Sufi dynasty</a></li>

<li><a href="Kart_dynasty" title="Kart dynasty">Kart dynasty</a></li>

<li><a href="Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a></li>

<li><a href="Principality_of_Fergana" title="Principality of Fergana">Principality of Fergana</a></li>

<li><a href="Khanate_of_Bukhara" title="Khanate of Bukhara">Khanate of Bukhara</a></li>

<li><a href="Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a></li>

<li><a href="Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khanate of Khiva</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_Turkestan" title="Chinese Turkestan">Chinese Turkestan</a></li>

<li><a href="Russian_Turkestan" title="Russian Turkestan">Russian Turkestan</a></li>

<li><a href="Soviet_Central_Asia" title="Soviet Central Asia">Soviet Central Asia</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_Central_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Central Asia">Chinese Central Asia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Central_Asian_art" title="Central Asian art">Central Asian art</a></li>

<li><a href="Silk_Road_transmission_of_art" title="Silk Road transmission of art">Silk Road transmission of art</a></li>

<li><a href="Silk_Road_transmission_of_Buddhism" title="Silk Road transmission of Buddhism">Silk Road transmission of Buddhism</a></li>

<li><a href="Serindian_art" title="Serindian art">Serindian art</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Southern_Russia" title="Southern Russia">Southern Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sintashta" title="Sintashta">Sintashta</a></li>

<li><a href="Arzhan_culture" title="Arzhan culture">Arzhan kurgan</a></li>

<li><a href="Pazyryk_burials" title="Pazyryk burials">Pazyryk burials</a></li>

<li><a href="Salbyk_kurgan" title="Salbyk kurgan">Salbyk kurgan</a></li>

<li><a href="Filippovka_kurgans" title="Filippovka kurgans">Filippovka kurgans</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Western_China" title="Western China">Western China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bulay%C3%AFq" title="Bulayïq">Bulayïq</a></li>

<li><a href="Kucha" title="Kucha">Kucha</a></li>

<li><a href="Kizil_Caves" title="Kizil Caves">Kizil Caves</a></li>

<li><a href="Kizilgaha_caves" title="Kizilgaha caves">Kizilgaha caves</a></li>

<li><a href="Kumtura_Caves" title="Kumtura Caves">Kumtura Caves</a></li>

<li><a href="Subashi_Temple" title="Subashi Temple">Subashi Temple</a></li>

<li><a href="Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a></li>

<li><a href="Miran_(Xinjiang)" title="Miran (Xinjiang)">Miran</a></li>

<li><a href="Rawak_Stupa" title="Rawak Stupa">Rawak</a></li>

<li><a href="Mogao_Caves" title="Mogao Caves">Mogao Caves</a></li>

<li><a href="Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk">Tumshuq</a></li>

<li><a href="Bezeklik_Caves" title="Bezeklik Caves">Bezeklik Caves</a></li>

<li><a href="Dunhuang_Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunhuang Caves">Dunhuang Caves</a></li>

<li><a href="Loulan_Kingdom" title="Loulan Kingdom">Loulan</a></li>

<li><a href="Kingdom_of_Khotan" title="Kingdom of Khotan">Khotan</a></li>

<li><a href="Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a></li>

<li><a href="Beshbalik" title="Beshbalik">Beshbalik</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Noin-Ula_burial_site" title="Noin-Ula burial site">Noin-Ula burial site</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Begash" title="Begash">Begash</a></li>

<li><a href="Issyk_kurgan" title="Issyk kurgan">Issyk kurgan</a></li>

<li><a href="Jankent" title="Jankent">Jankent</a></li>

<li><a href="Karsakpay_inscription" title="Karsakpay inscription">Karsakpay inscription</a></li>

<li><a href="Kerderi" title="Kerderi">Kerderi</a></li>

<li><a href="Krasnyi_Yar_(Kazakhstan)" title="Krasnyi Yar (Kazakhstan)">Krasnyi Yar</a></li>

<li><a href="Merke_Turkic_Sanctuaries" title="Merke Turkic Sanctuaries">Merke Turkic Sanctuaries</a></li>

<li><a href="Otrar" title="Otrar">Otrar</a></li>

<li><a href="Petroglyphs_of_Arpa-Uzen" title="Petroglyphs of Arpa-Uzen">Petroglyphs of Arpa-Uzen</a></li>

<li><a href="Petrovka_settlement" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrovka settlement">Petrovka settlement</a></li>

<li><a href="Boralday_(archaeological_site)" title="Boralday (archaeological site)">Boralday</a></li>

<li><a href="Sawran_(Kazakhstan)" title="Sawran (Kazakhstan)">Sawran</a></li>

<li><a href="Shilikty" title="Shilikty">Shilikty</a></li>

<li><a href="Steppe_Geoglyphs" title="Steppe Geoglyphs">Steppe Geoglyphs</a></li>

<li><a href="Sumbe_(ancient_settlement)" title="Sumbe (ancient settlement)">Sumbe</a></li>

<li><a href="Talapty_Settlement" title="Talapty Settlement">Talapty Settlement</a></li>

<li><a href="Turkistan_(city)" title="Turkistan (city)">Turkistan (city)</a></li>

<li><a href="Urpek" title="Urpek">Urpek</a></li>

<li><a href="Mausoleum_of_Khoja_Ahmed_Yasawi" title="Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi">Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi</a></li>

<li><a href="Araltobe_kurgan" title="Araltobe kurgan">Araltobe kurgan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aigyr-Zhal_2" title="Aigyr-Zhal 2">Aigyr-Zhal 2</a></li>

<li><a href="Balasagun" title="Balasagun">Balasagun</a></li>

<li><a href="Burana_Tower" title="Burana Tower">Burana Tower</a></li>

<li><a href="Issyk-Kul" title="Issyk-Kul">Issyk-Kul</a></li>

<li><a href="Koshoy_Korgon" title="Koshoy Korgon">Koshoy Korgon</a></li>

<li><a href="Manas_Ordo" title="Manas Ordo">Manas Ordo</a></li>

<li><a href="Navekat" title="Navekat">Navekat</a></li>

<li><a href="%C3%96zg%C3%B6n" title="Özgön">Özgön</a></li>

<li><a href="Shakh_Fazil" title="Shakh Fazil">Shakh Fazil</a></li>

<li><a href="Suyab" title="Suyab">Suyab</a></li>

<li><a href="Tash_Rabat" title="Tash Rabat">Tash Rabat</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Afrasiyab_(Samarkand)" title="Afrasiyab (Samarkand)">Afrasiyab</a></li>

<li><a href="Akchakhan-Kala" title="Akchakhan-Kala">Akchakhan-Kala</a></li>

<li><a href="Akhsikath" title="Akhsikath">Akhsikath</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_Pap" title="Ancient Pap">Ancient Pap</a></li>

<li><a href="Balalyk_Tepe" title="Balalyk Tepe">Balalyk Tepe</a></li>

<li><a href="Burchmulla" class="mw-redirect" title="Burchmulla">Burchmulla</a></li>

<li><a href="Dalverzin_Tepe" title="Dalverzin Tepe">Dalverzin Tepe</a></li>

<li><a href="Desert_castles_of_ancient_Khorezm" title="Desert castles of ancient Khorezm">Desert castles of ancient Khorezm</a></li>

<li><a href="Fayaz_Tepe" title="Fayaz Tepe">Fayaz Tepe</a></li>

<li><a href="Guldursun-Kala" title="Guldursun-Kala">Guldursun-Kala</a></li>

<li><a href="Hazorasp" title="Hazorasp">Hazorasp</a></li>

<li><a href="Itchan_Kala" title="Itchan Kala">Itchan Kala</a></li>

<li><a href="Kafir-kala_(Uzbekistan)" title="Kafir-kala (Uzbekistan)">Kafir-kala</a></li>

<li><a href="Kampir_Tepe" title="Kampir Tepe">Kampir Tepe</a></li>

<li><a href="Khalchayan" title="Khalchayan">Khalchayan</a></li>

<li><a href="Khiva" title="Khiva">Khiva</a></li>

<li><a href="Koi_Krylgan_Kala" title="Koi Krylgan Kala">Koi Krylgan Kala</a></li>

<li><a href="Koktepe" title="Koktepe">Koktepe</a></li>

<li><a href="Kyzyl-Kala" title="Kyzyl-Kala">Kyzyl-Kala</a></li>

<li><a href="Obi-Rakhmat_Grotto" title="Obi-Rakhmat Grotto">Obi-Rakhmat Grotto</a></li>

<li><a href="Poykent" class="mw-redirect" title="Poykent">Poykent</a></li>

<li><a href="Sarmishsay" title="Sarmishsay">Sarmishsay</a></li>

<li><a href="Shahrukhiya" title="Shahrukhiya">Shahrukhiya</a></li>

<li><a href="Siypantosh_Rock_Paintings" title="Siypantosh Rock Paintings">Siypantosh Rock Paintings</a></li>

<li><a href="Tavka_Kurgan" title="Tavka Kurgan">Tavka Kurgan</a></li>

<li><a href="Toprak-Kala" title="Toprak-Kala">Toprak-Kala</a></li>

<li><a href="Varakhsha" title="Varakhsha">Varakhsha</a></li>

<li><a href="Zarautsoy_Rock_Paintings" title="Zarautsoy Rock Paintings">Zarautsoy Rock Paintings</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bunjikat_(archeological_site)" title="Bunjikat (archeological site)">Bunjikat</a></li>

<li><a href="Penjikent" class="mw-redirect" title="Penjikent">Penjikent</a></li>

<li><a href="Ajina_tepe" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajina tepe">Ajina tepe</a></li>

<li><a href="Kafir-kala_(Tajikistan)" title="Kafir-kala (Tajikistan)">Kafir-kala</a></li>

<li><a href="Sarazm" title="Sarazm">Sarazm</a></li>

<li><a href="Takht-i_Kuwad" title="Takht-i Kuwad">Takht-i Kuwad</a></li>

<li><a href="Takht-i_Sangin" title="Takht-i Sangin">Takht-i Sangin</a></li>

<li><a href="Kalai_Kafirnigan" title="Kalai Kafirnigan">Kalai Kafirnigan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cave_of_Dzhebel" title="Cave of Dzhebel">Cave of Dzhebel</a></li>

<li><a href="Abiward" title="Abiward">Abiward</a></li>

<li><a href="Altyndepe" title="Altyndepe">Altyndepe</a></li>

<li><a href="Anau_culture" title="Anau culture">Anau culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Dev-Kesken" class="mw-redirect" title="Dev-Kesken">Dev-Kesken</a></li>

<li><a href="Gonur_Depe" title="Gonur Depe">Gonur Depe</a></li>

<li><a href="Jeitun" title="Jeitun">Jeitun</a></li>

<li><a href="Konye-Urgench" title="Konye-Urgench">Konye-Urgench</a></li>

<li><a href="Kutlug_Timur_Minaret" title="Kutlug Timur Minaret">Kutlug Timur Minaret</a></li>

<li><a href="Monjukli_Depe" title="Monjukli Depe">Monjukli Depe</a></li>

<li><a href="Namazga-Tepe" title="Namazga-Tepe">Namazga-Tepe</a></li>

<li><a href="Togolok" title="Togolok">Togolok</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tepe_Fullol" title="Tepe Fullol">Tepe Fullol</a></li>

<li><a href="Ai-Khanoum" title="Ai-Khanoum">Ai-Khanoum</a></li>

<li><a href="Dilberjin_Tepe" title="Dilberjin Tepe">Dilberjin Tepe</a></li>

<li><a href="Hadda%2C_Afghanistan" title="Hadda, Afghanistan">Hadda</a></li>

<li><a href="Tapa_Shotor" title="Tapa Shotor">Tapa Shotor</a></li>

<li><a href="Chakhil-i-Ghoundi_Stupa" title="Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Stupa">Chakhil-i-Ghoundi</a></li>

<li><a href="Shotorak_monastery" title="Shotorak monastery">Shotorak</a></li>

<li><a href="Paitava" title="Paitava">Paitava</a></li>

<li><a href="Bimaran" title="Bimaran">Bimaran</a></li>

<li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tapa-i_Kafariha_Monastery" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Tapa-i Kafariha Monastery">Tapa-i Kafariha</a></li>

<li><a href="Mes_Aynak" title="Mes Aynak">Mes Aynak</a></li>

<li><a href="Fondukistan_monastery" title="Fondukistan monastery">Fondukistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Khair_Khaneh" title="Khair Khaneh">Khair Khaneh</a></li>

<li><a href="Tapa_Sardar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapa Sardar">Tapa Sardar</a></li>

<li><a href="Tepe_Narenj" class="mw-redirect" title="Tepe Narenj">Tepe Narenj</a></li>

<li><a href="Takht-e_Rostam" title="Takht-e Rostam">Takht-e Rostam</a></li>

<li><a href="Tepe_Fullol" title="Tepe Fullol">Tepe Fullol</a></li>

<li><a href="Tillya_Tepe" title="Tillya Tepe">Tillya Tepe</a></li>

<li><a href="Yemshi_Tepe" title="Yemshi Tepe">Yemshi Tepe</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexandria_Prophthasia" title="Alexandria Prophthasia">Alexandria Prophthasia</a></li>

<li><a href="Aq_Kupruk" title="Aq Kupruk">Aq Kupruk</a></li>

<li><a href="Asqalan%2C_Afghanistan" title="Asqalan, Afghanistan">Asqalan</a></li>

<li><a href="Bactria%E2%80%93Margiana_Archaeological_Complex" title="Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex">Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex</a></li>

<li><a href="Buddhas_of_Bamiyan" title="Buddhas of Bamiyan">Buddhas of Bamiyan</a></li>

<li><a href="Chakhil-i-Ghoundi_Stupa" title="Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Stupa">Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Stupa</a></li>

<li><a href="Darra-e_Kur" title="Darra-e Kur">Darra-e Kur</a></li>

<li><a href="Dasht-e_Nawar" title="Dasht-e Nawar">Dasht-e Nawar</a></li>

<li><a href="Dokhtar-i-Noshirwan" title="Dokhtar-i-Noshirwan">Dokhtar-i-Noshirwan</a></li>

<li><a href="Firozkoh" title="Firozkoh">Firozkoh</a></li>

<li><a href="Gawhar_Shad_Mausoleum" title="Gawhar Shad Mausoleum">Gawhar Shad Mausoleum</a></li>

<li><a href="Haji_Piyada" title="Haji Piyada">Haji Piyada</a></li>

<li><a href="Khair_Khaneh" title="Khair Khaneh">Khair Khaneh</a></li>

<li><a href="Mundigak" title="Mundigak">Mundigak</a></li>

<li><a href="Musalla_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Musalla Complex">Musalla Complex</a></li>

<li><a href="Nagara_(ancient_city)" title="Nagara (ancient city)">Nagara</a></li>

<li><a href="Qala-i-Jangi" title="Qala-i-Jangi">Qala-i-Jangi</a></li>

<li><a href="Surkh_Kotal" title="Surkh Kotal">Surkh Kotal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bandian_complex" title="Bandian complex">Bandian complex</a></li>

<li><a href="Mount_Khajeh" title="Mount Khajeh">Mount Khajeh</a></li>

<li><a href="Shahr-e_Sukhteh" title="Shahr-e Sukhteh">Shahr-e Sukhteh</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artifacts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sokh_snakes" title="Sokh snakes">Sokh snakes</a></li>

<li><a href="Orlat_plaques" title="Orlat plaques">Orlat plaques</a></li>

<li><a href="Hephthalite_silver_bowl" title="Hephthalite silver bowl">Hephthalite silver bowl</a></li>

<li><a href="Chilek_silver_bowl" title="Chilek silver bowl">Chilek silver bowl</a></li>

<li><a href="Gardez_Ganesha" title="Gardez Ganesha">Gardez Ganesha</a></li>

<li><a href="Mogao_Christian_painting" title="Mogao Christian painting">Mogao Christian painting</a></li>

<li><a href="Murals_from_the_Christian_temple_at_Qocho" title="Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho">Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho</a></li>

<li><a href="Penjikent_murals" title="Penjikent murals">Penjikent murals</a></li>

<li><a href="Sampul_tapestry" title="Sampul tapestry">Sampul tapestry</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Sogdian_Da%C4%93n%C4%81s" title="Sogdian Daēnās">Sogdian Daēnās</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Oxus_Treasure" title="Oxus Treasure">Oxus Treasure</a></li>

<li><a href="Bimaran_Casket" class="mw-redirect" title="Bimaran Casket">Bimaran Casket</a></li>

<li><a href="Buddhas_of_Bamiyan" title="Buddhas of Bamiyan">Buddhas of Bamiyan</a></li>

<li><a href="Kabul_hoard" title="Kabul hoard">Kabul hoard</a></li>

<li><a href="Aramaic_Inscription_of_Laghman" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic Inscription of Laghman">Aramaic Inscription of Laghman</a></li>

<li><a href="Kandahar_Aramaic_inscription" title="Kandahar Aramaic inscription">Kandahar Aramaic inscription</a></li>

<li><a href="Pul-i-Darunteh_Aramaic_inscription" title="Pul-i-Darunteh Aramaic inscription">Pul-i-Darunteh Aramaic inscription</a></li>

<li><a href="Kandahar_Bilingual_Rock_Inscription" title="Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription">Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription</a></li>

<li><a href="Kandahar_Greek_Edicts_of_Ashoka" title="Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka">Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka</a></li>

<li><a href="Afrasiab_murals" title="Afrasiab murals">Afrasiab murals</a></li>

<li><a href="Stamp_seal_(BM_119999)" title="Stamp seal (BM 119999)">Stamp seal (BM 119999)</a></li>

<li><a href="Seal_of_Khingila" title="Seal of Khingila">Seal of Khingila</a></li>

<li><a href="Siberian_Ice_Maiden" title="Siberian Ice Maiden">Siberian Ice Maiden</a></li>

<li><a href="Ai-Khanoum_plaque" title="Ai-Khanoum plaque">Ai-Khanoum plaque</a></li>

<li><a href="Saksanokhur_gold_buckle" title="Saksanokhur gold buckle">Saksanokhur gold buckle</a></li>

<li><a href="Boar_hunter_(Hermitage_Museum)" title="Boar hunter (Hermitage Museum)">Boar hunter (Hermitage Museum)</a></li>

<li><a href="Siberian_Collection_of_Peter_the_Great" title="Siberian Collection of Peter the Great">Siberian Collection of Peter the Great</a></li>

<li><a href="Silver_Deer_of_Bilge_Qaghan" title="Silver Deer of Bilge Qaghan">Silver Deer</a> and <a href="Golden_Crown_of_Bilge_Qaghan" title="Golden Crown of Bilge Qaghan">Golden Crown of Bilge Qaghan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-11-28" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Cyropolis&oldid=1260064448">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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